According to a study by consulting firm Axon and commissioned by the ETNO (European Association of Telecommunications Network Operators), a small number of video, social media and technology companies, including Meta, Google, Netflix and Amazon, account for more than 55% of all traffic on mobile and broadband networks on the European continent. The research concludes that this costs European telcos between € 15- € 28 billion each year. The increase in the use of data through these platforms was exacerbated by the lockdowns decided to combat the coronavirus pandemic.